GED Science Practice Test: Human Body and Health
- Life Science: Human Body and Health
- 10 questions
- 13 minutes
Human body and health questions make up a large part of the life science content on the GED Science test. These 10 questions cover organ systems, homeostasis, nutrition, infections and experimental design. Watch for questions that give a short scenario and ask you to apply a concept to it.
Tap an option to mark your answer. You can change your mind, or tap the same option again to leave the question blank. The correct answers and explanations appear when you finish the test.Tap an option to answer; tap it again to leave the question blank.
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Question 1
Which organ system carries oxygen and nutrients to the cells of the body?
Correct answer: B
The heart pumps blood through blood vessels, and the blood delivers oxygen and nutrients to every cell. The digestive system breaks food down into nutrients, but it does not deliver them to the cells.
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Question 2
When body temperature rises during exercise, sweat glands release sweat. As the sweat evaporates, it cools the skin and body temperature returns toward normal.
This process is an example of
Correct answer: C
In negative feedback, a change triggers a response that reverses it, keeping conditions stable (homeostasis). Positive feedback would make the change bigger, which would push body temperature even higher.
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Question 3
In which organ does most chemical digestion and absorption of nutrients take place?
Correct answer: A
Enzymes finish breaking down food in the small intestine, and its lining absorbs most nutrients into the blood. The stomach begins digesting proteins, but it absorbs very few nutrients; the large intestine mainly absorbs water.
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Question 4
After a meal, the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood rises. The pancreas responds by releasing the hormone insulin.
What is the main effect of insulin?
Correct answer: D
Insulin signals cells to absorb glucose, which lowers blood sugar back to normal. Releasing stored glucose into the blood is the job of a different hormone, glucagon, which acts when blood sugar is low.
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Question 5
How does a vaccine protect a person against a disease?
Correct answer: A
A vaccine exposes the immune system to a harmless form or part of a pathogen, so the body builds memory cells and can respond quickly to a real infection later. A vaccine does not destroy the body's bacteria, many of which are helpful.
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Question 6
A patient has a common cold, which is caused by a virus. The patient asks the doctor for antibiotics.
Why will antibiotics not help the patient recover from the cold?
Correct answer: C
Antibiotics target structures and processes found in bacteria, which viruses do not have. Viruses are actually much smaller than bacteria, so the choice about size has the facts backwards.
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Question 7
A snack bar contains 9 grams of fat, 20 grams of carbohydrate and 4 grams of protein. Fat provides 9 Calories per gram, and carbohydrate and protein each provide 4 Calories per gram.
How many Calories does the snack bar contain?
Correct answer: C
Multiply each amount by its Calories per gram: 9 × 9 = 81, 20 × 4 = 80 and 4 × 4 = 16, for a total of 177 Calories. The choice 132 treats fat as if it also had 4 Calories per gram.
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Question 8
A researcher wants to know whether the number of hours people sleep affects how quickly they react to a signal. Volunteers sleep 4, 6 or 8 hours, and the next morning each one takes the same reaction-time test.
What is the dependent variable in this experiment?
Correct answer: B
The dependent variable is what is measured to see the effect, here the reaction time. The hours of sleep are the independent variable, the factor the researcher changes on purpose.
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Question 9
A stomach illness spreads easily when people touch contaminated surfaces and then touch their mouths.
Which action would most directly reduce the spread of this illness?
Correct answer: A
The illness travels on hands, so washing hands removes the pathogen before it reaches the mouth. Vitamins, water and exercise may support general health, but they do not remove the germs from the hands.
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Question 10
Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the blood take place?
Correct answer: D
The alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs with very thin walls, surrounded by capillaries, so gases can pass between air and blood. The trachea and bronchi only carry air to the alveoli, and the diaphragm is the muscle that moves air in and out.
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