ATI TEAS Science Practice Test: Nervous, Endocrine, Musculoskeletal and Urinary Systems
- Anatomy and Physiology: Other Body Systems
- 10 questions
- 12 minutes
This test covers the body systems beyond the heart and lungs that appear on the TEAS Science section. Tip: for hormone questions, ask what the hormone changes and in which direction.
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Question 1
Which hormone lowers the level of glucose in the blood?
Correct answer: B
Insulin, released by beta cells of the pancreas, helps cells take up glucose, so blood sugar falls. Glucagon has the opposite effect and raises blood sugar.
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Question 2
What is the functional unit of the kidney, where blood is filtered and urine is formed?
Correct answer: D
Each kidney has about a million nephrons, which filter blood and adjust what is reabsorbed or excreted. The ureter only carries urine to the bladder.
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Question 3
Which part of a neuron carries the nerve impulse away from the cell body?
Correct answer: B
The axon carries the impulse away from the cell body toward the next cell. Dendrites receive signals and carry them toward the cell body.
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Question 4
What is the main function of the myelin sheath?
Correct answer: D
Myelin insulates the axon, so the impulse jumps between gaps (nodes of Ranvier) and travels much faster. Neurotransmitters are made inside the neuron, not by myelin.
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Question 5
A person has been sweating heavily and is dehydrated. Their body releases more antidiuretic hormone (ADH). What effect does ADH have?
Correct answer: C
ADH makes the kidney tubules return more water to the blood, which saves water and concentrates the urine. Less reabsorption would make dehydration worse.
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Question 6
Where are most blood cells produced in adults?
Correct answer: C
Red marrow, found in bones such as the hip bones, sternum and vertebrae, produces red cells, white cells and platelets. Yellow marrow is mostly fat.
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Question 7
Which structure connects a skeletal muscle to a bone?
Correct answer: A
Tendons attach muscle to bone and transmit the pull of the muscle. Ligaments connect bone to bone at joints.
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Question 8
Which cells produce antibodies?
Correct answer: A
Activated B cells become plasma cells, which release antibodies. Neutrophils fight infection by engulfing microbes, not by making antibodies.
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Question 9
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
Correct answer: D
The epidermis is the outer layer of skin. The dermis lies beneath it and contains blood vessels, nerves and glands.
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Question 10
After a head injury, a patient has trouble keeping balance and coordinating smooth movements. Which part of the brain is most likely affected?
Correct answer: C
The cerebellum coordinates balance, posture and smooth movement. The medulla controls automatic functions such as breathing and heart rate.
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