ATI TEAS Science Practice Test: Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Digestive Systems
- Anatomy and Physiology: Heart, Lungs and Digestion
- 10 questions
- 12 minutes
Anatomy and physiology make up the largest share of the TEAS Science section. This test covers the heart, the lungs and the digestive tract. Tip: trace blood flow one step at a time, starting from the body.
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Question 1
Which chamber of the heart pumps oxygen-rich blood out to the body through the aorta?
Correct answer: C
The left ventricle has the thickest wall because it pumps blood into the aorta and out to the whole body. The left atrium receives blood from the lungs but does not pump it to the body.
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Question 2
Blood leaving the right ventricle travels next to which structure?
Correct answer: D
The right ventricle pumps oxygen-poor blood into the pulmonary artery, which carries it to the lungs. The pulmonary veins bring blood back from the lungs.
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Question 3
In which structures does gas exchange between air and blood take place?
Correct answer: B
The alveoli are tiny air sacs surrounded by capillaries, and their thin walls let oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuse. The bronchi and trachea only conduct air.
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Question 4
What happens when the diaphragm contracts during inhalation?
Correct answer: D
The contracting diaphragm flattens and moves down, which enlarges the chest cavity and lowers pressure in the lungs so air flows in. Moving up describes exhalation.
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Question 5
Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle?
Correct answer: A
The mitral valve, also called the bicuspid valve, separates the left atrium from the left ventricle. The tricuspid valve does the same job on the right side.
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Question 6
Where are most nutrients absorbed into the blood?
Correct answer: C
The small intestine is long and lined with villi and microvilli, which give it a huge surface area for absorption. The large intestine mainly absorbs water.
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Question 7
What is the main job of bile in digestion?
Correct answer: B
Bile, made by the liver and stored in the gallbladder, emulsifies fats so lipase enzymes can work on them. Bile itself is not an enzyme and does not digest protein or starch.
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Question 8
Which enzyme begins the digestion of proteins in the stomach?
Correct answer: B
Pepsin works in the acidic stomach to start breaking proteins into smaller chains. Salivary amylase starts starch digestion in the mouth.
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Question 9
Which blood vessels have walls only one cell thick, allowing exchange of gases and nutrients with tissues?
Correct answer: A
Capillary walls are a single layer of cells, which lets substances diffuse between blood and tissue. Arteries and veins have thicker, layered walls.
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Question 10
Which structure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?
Correct answer: D
The SA node in the wall of the right atrium starts each heartbeat. The AV node receives the signal next and briefly delays it before it spreads to the ventricles.
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