U.S. History Practice Test: Reconstruction
- Reconstruction
- 10 questions
- 12 minutes
These 10 questions cover the years after the Civil War, from 1865 to 1877, when the nation tried to rebuild the South and define freedom. Keep the three Reconstruction amendments apart: one ends slavery, one defines citizenship, one protects voting.
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Question 1
What did the 13th Amendment (1865) do?
Correct answer: A
The 13th Amendment ended slavery except as punishment for a crime. Citizenship came with the 14th Amendment and voting protection with the 15th.
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Question 2
Which right was established by the 14th Amendment (1868)?
Correct answer: C
The 14th Amendment made formerly enslaved people citizens and promised all persons equal protection of the laws. Women gained the vote through the 19th Amendment in 1920.
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Question 3
The 15th Amendment (1870) said the right to vote could not be denied because of
Correct answer: D
The 15th Amendment protected the voting rights of Black men. Voting at 18 came with the 26th Amendment, and poll taxes in federal elections were banned by the 24th.
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Question 4
What was the main purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau, created in 1865?
Correct answer: B
The Bureau gave out food and medical care, helped set up schools and colleges, and oversaw labor contracts. It did not exist to help former planters, even though much land was eventually returned to them.
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Question 5
What were the Black Codes passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866?
Correct answer: A
The codes restricted where freedpeople could live and work, and some punished unemployment with forced labor. Anger at these laws in the North helped Congress take control of Reconstruction.
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Question 6
What happened to President Andrew Johnson in 1868?
Correct answer: D
The House impeached Johnson mainly for firing his Secretary of War, and the Senate fell one vote short of the two-thirds needed to remove him. Lincoln had been assassinated in 1865, which is how Johnson became president.
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Question 7
Under sharecropping, which spread across the South after the Civil War,
Correct answer: B
Landowners provided land and often tools, and the farmer owed a share of the harvest. High prices for supplies bought on credit kept many sharecroppers in debt year after year.
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Question 8
In 1870, Hiram Revels of Mississippi became the first African American to serve in
Correct answer: C
Revels filled a Senate seat that had once been held by Jefferson Davis before the war. The first African American Supreme Court justice, Thurgood Marshall, was appointed in 1967.
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Question 9
How did the Compromise of 1877 bring Reconstruction to an end?
Correct answer: C
After the disputed election of 1876, Democrats accepted Republican Rutherford B. Hayes as president, and he withdrew the last federal troops from Southern capitals. The amendments stayed in the Constitution, but they were weakly enforced for decades.
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Question 10
Groups such as the Ku Klux Klan used violence during Reconstruction mainly to
Correct answer: A
The Klan attacked and threatened Black voters, officeholders and their white allies. Congress answered with the Enforcement Acts of 1870-1871, but terror continued in many areas.
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