Grade 3 Math Practice Test: Multiplication and Division
- Multiplication and Division
- 12 questions
- 15 minutes
This test covers multiplication and division within 100: equal groups, arrays, missing numbers, properties and word problems. Tip: every division fact has a matching multiplication fact, so 56 ÷ 8 = ☐ is the same question as 8 × ☐ = 56.
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Question 1
Maya puts 6 stickers on each page of her album. She fills 7 pages. How many stickers does she use in all?
Correct answer: B
There are 7 equal groups of 6, so multiply: 7 × 6 = 42. Adding 6 + 7 = 13 is the most common mistake; equal groups call for multiplication.
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Question 2
A garden has 4 rows of tomato plants with 9 plants in each row. Which expression shows the total number of plants?
Correct answer: A
Rows with the same number of plants form an array, and an array is found by multiplying: 4 rows × 9 plants = 36 plants. 4 + 9 adds the number of rows to the plants in just one row.
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Question 3
Liam has 35 crayons. He shares them equally among 5 friends. How many crayons does each friend get?
Correct answer: D
Sharing equally means dividing: 35 ÷ 5 = 7, because 5 × 7 = 35. 30 comes from subtracting 5 instead of dividing.
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Question 4
Which number makes this equation true?
8 × ☐ = 56
Correct answer: C
Use the fact 8 × 7 = 56, or divide: 56 ÷ 8 = 7. 48 is 56 − 8, which subtracts instead of finding the missing factor.
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Question 5
Which expression has the same product as 6 × 3?
Correct answer: A
Changing the order of the factors does not change the product (commutative property): 6 × 3 = 3 × 6 = 18. 3 + 3 + 3 is only 3 groups of 3, which is 9.
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Question 6
Jada knows that 5 × 7 = 35. Which equation shows a way to use this fact to find 6 × 7?
Correct answer: C
6 × 7 is one more group of 7 than 5 × 7, so add one more 7: 35 + 7 = 42. Adding 6 mixes up the number of groups with the size of each group.
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Question 7
A baker puts 24 muffins into boxes. Each box holds 4 muffins. How many boxes does she fill?
Correct answer: B
Split the muffins into groups of 4: 24 ÷ 4 = 6 boxes, since 6 × 4 = 24. 20 comes from taking away 4 only once.
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Question 8
Tickets to the school play cost $4 each. Ava buys 6 tickets and pays with three $10 bills. How much change does she get?
Correct answer: D
First find the cost: 6 × $4 = $24. Then subtract from $30: $30 − $24 = $6. $24 is the cost of the tickets, not the change.
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Question 9
Which number makes this equation true?
☐ ÷ 9 = 4
Correct answer: A
Use the related multiplication fact: 9 × 4 = 36, so 36 ÷ 9 = 4. 13 comes from adding 9 + 4 instead of multiplying.
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Question 10
Look at the number pattern. Which number comes next?
9, 18, 27, 36, ☐
Correct answer: D
Each number is 9 more than the one before (these are the multiples of 9), so the next number is 36 + 9 = 45.
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Question 11
Which equation is true?
Correct answer: C
Any number times 1 stays the same, so 8 × 1 = 8. Any number times 0 is 0, a number divided by itself is 1, and a number divided by 1 stays the same, so the other equations are false.
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Question 12
Three vans take a class on a field trip. Each van has 8 seats for students, and 20 students are going. How many student seats will be empty?
Correct answer: B
The vans have 3 × 8 = 24 student seats, and 24 − 20 = 4 seats stay empty. 24 is the total number of seats, so it skips the second step.
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